Is anyone among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord (James 5:14).
Notice what the half-brother of Jesus does not write: when you’re sick (1) pray for yourself or ask for a friend to pray; (2) call the pastor to pray for you; or (3) go to an evangelistic meeting with a faith healer. Not that these things are necessarily wrong, but instead, James says to call for the elders of the church.
The term “elders” goes back to the Old Testament governance of the nation of Israel (Exodus 3:16, 18; Judges 2:7; 2 Samuel 3:17-21; Ezra 10:7-14; Matthew 26:3). This term was carried over into the church during the Christian age.
Church elders were spiritually mature men in the congregation responsible for leading or shepherding the local congregation by both teaching the Bible and governing its ministry (Acts 14:23; 20:28; 1 Timothy 5:17; 1 Peter 5:1). These men were to visit the sick person when asked. The implication is the one needing prayer is too ill to go to the elders himself.
The word “sick” simply means “to be weak” and is applied in the New Testament for mental ability, emotional fitness, physical health and even appearance, as well as spiritual condition, and conscience. While the word’s focus is on a person’s physical health, it goes far beyond that to include the full wellness of the individual believer.
The elders are not to declare and decree, but to pray asking the Lord to bring healing. Prayer was not the sole tool of the elders.
Elders are also instructed to “anoint” the sick person with oil in the name of the Lord. Olive oil was used extensively in the ancient world for a number of purposes like cooking (Numbers 6:15), fuel for light (Matthew 25:3), a soothing perfume (Luke 7:46), a symbol of being set aside for some special purpose (Luke 4:18), and as a medicine for wounds (Luke 10:34).
Ancients believed oils mixed with various compounds cured everything from toothaches and paralysis. In other words, church elders were to employ both the spiritual cure of prayer with the physical cure of medicine – not simply one or the other but both! Yes, God might heal by prayer of the elders or with medicine, but either way God is the Healer.
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